Ansible Vagrant のバックアップ(No.3)

Vagrant概略
インストール
CentOS公式BOXを使ってみる
今宵はここまで

Vagrant概略 †

Vagrant
- Box を Provider に展開して最小構成の仮想マシンを立ちあげ、Provisioning によってアプリケーションを展開するもの
- 上記の処理は Vagrantfile 上に Ruby の文法を使ったスクリプトで定義する
- 仮想マシンの構築・管理のために Vagrant コマンドが用意されている
Provider
- 仮想マシンを動かすためのミドルウェア
- VirtualBox? (デフォルト。無料)
- VMWare Fusion (vagrant の vmware plugin は有料)
- AWS
- KVM (libvirt)
- ...
Box
- 最低限の設定がされた仮想マシンイメージ
- CentOS
- Ubuntu
- ...
Provisioning
- 最低限の設定がされたマシン*1に、アプリケーションを展開するためのミドルウェア
- Ansible
- Chef
- Puppet
- Shell
- ...
Vagrant コマンド

インストール †

https://www.vagrantup.com/

[~]$ vagrant version
Installed Version: 1.8.1
Latest Version: 1.8.1

You're running an up-to-date version of Vagrant!

https://www.virtualbox.org/
```
[~]$ VBoxManage -v
5.0.14r105127
```

↑

CentOS公式BOXを使ってみる †

BOXを検索
- https://atlas.hashicorp.com/boxes/search? (Vagrant開発元公式サイト)
- http://www.vagrantbox.es/

CentOS公式BOX https://atlas.hashicorp.com/centos/boxes/7

[~/sourcetree/AnsibleExam/centos7]$ vagrant init centos/7; vagrant up --provider virtualbox
A `Vagrantfile` has been placed in this directory. You are now
ready to `vagrant up` your first virtual environment! Please read
the comments in the Vagrantfile as well as documentation on
`vagrantup.com` for more information on using Vagrant.
Bringing machine 'default' up with 'virtualbox' provider...
==> default: Box 'centos/7' could not be found. Attempting to find and install...
    default: Box Provider: virtualbox
    default: Box Version: >= 0
==> default: Loading metadata for box 'centos/7'
    default: URL: https://atlas.hashicorp.com/centos/7
==> default: Adding box 'centos/7' (v1603.01) for provider: virtualbox
    default: Downloading: https://atlas.hashicorp.com/centos/boxes/7/versions/1603.01/providers/virtualbox.box
==> default: Successfully added box 'centos/7' (v1603.01) for 'virtualbox'!
==> default: Importing base box 'centos/7'...
==> default: Matching MAC address for NAT networking...
==> default: Checking if box 'centos/7' is up to date...
==> default: Setting the name of the VM: centos7_default_1460477307404_68841
==> default: Clearing any previously set network interfaces...
==> default: Preparing network interfaces based on configuration...
    default: Adapter 1: nat
==> default: Forwarding ports...
    default: 22 (guest) => 2222 (host) (adapter 1)
==> default: Booting VM...
==> default: Waiting for machine to boot. This may take a few minutes...
    default: SSH address: 127.0.0.1:2222
    default: SSH username: vagrant
    default: SSH auth method: private key
    default: Warning: Remote connection disconnect. Retrying...
    default:
    default: Vagrant insecure key detected. Vagrant will automatically replace
    default: this with a newly generated keypair for better security.
    default:
    default: Inserting generated public key within guest...
    default: Removing insecure key from the guest if it's present...
    default: Key inserted! Disconnecting and reconnecting using new SSH key...
==> default: Machine booted and ready!
==> default: Checking for guest additions in VM...
    default: No guest additions were detected on the base box for this VM! Guest
    default: additions are required for forwarded ports, shared folders, host only
    default: networking, and more. If SSH fails on this machine, please install
    default: the guest additions and repackage the box to continue.
    default:
    default: This is not an error message; everything may continue to work properly,
    default: in which case you may ignore this message.
==> default: Rsyncing folder: /Users/atsushi/sourcetree/AnsibleExam/centos7/ => /home/vagrant/sync

ssh でログインしてみる

[~/sourcetree/AnsibleExam/centos7]$ sw_vers
ProductName:	Mac OS X
ProductVersion:	10.11.3
BuildVersion:	15D21

[~/sourcetree/AnsibleExam/centos7]$ vagrant ssh

[vagrant@localhost ~]$ cat /etc/redhat-release
CentOS Linux release 7.2.1511 (Core)

"vagrant ssh" は、このコマンドと同じ

[~/sourcetree/AnsibleExam/centos7]$ vagrant ssh-config
Host default
  HostName 127.0.0.1
  User vagrant
  Port 2222
  UserKnownHostsFile /dev/null
  StrictHostKeyChecking no
  PasswordAuthentication no
  IdentityFile "/Users/atsushi/sourcetree/AnsibleExam/centos7/.vagrant/machines/default/virtualbox/private_key"
  IdentitiesOnly yes
  LogLevel FATAL

[~/sourcetree/AnsibleExam/centos7]$ ssh vagrant@127.0.0.1 -p 2222 -i .vagrant/machines/default/virtualbox/private_key

こうしてもいい

[~/sourcetree/AnsibleExam/centos7]$ vagrant ssh-config >> ~/.ssh/config
[~/sourcetree/AnsibleExam/centos7]$ ssh default

VirtualBox? 上に仮想マシンができている

終了

[~/sourcetree/AnsibleExam/centos7]$ vagrant destroy
    default: Are you sure you want to destroy the 'default' VM? [y/N] y
==> default: Forcing shutdown of VM...
==> default: Destroying VM and associated drives...

"vagrant init" で作られた Vagrantfile の雛形はこんな感じ

[~/sourcetree/AnsibleExam/centos7]$ cat Vagrantfile | egrep -v "^[ ]+#.*$" | egrep -v "^$"
# -*- mode: ruby -*-
# vi: set ft=ruby :
# All Vagrant configuration is done below. The "2" in Vagrant.configure
# configures the configuration version (we support older styles for
# backwards compatibility). Please don't change it unless you know what
# you're doing.
Vagrant.configure(2) do |config|
  config.vm.box = "centos/7"
end

まぁ雛形ですね。コメントてんこ盛り

↑

今宵はここまで †

MEMO

仮想マシンを起動       vagrant up
仮想マシンにログイン   vagrant ssh
仮想マシンの状態を確認 vagrant status
仮想マシンを停止      vagrant halt
仮想マシンを削除      vagrant destroy
Vagrantfile を生成   vagrant init [BOX-NAME] [BOX-URL]
vagrant reload halt+up
vagrant suspend
vagrant resume
vagrant ssh-config 
vagrant ssh-config >> ~/.ssh/config


--
仮想マシンへの実験的な変更を何度も行いたい時に使う

$ vagrant plugin install sahara
$ vagrant plugin list

サンドボックスに入る          vagrant sandbox on
サンドボックスの状態         vagrant sandbox status
サンドボックスのロールバック  vagrant sandbox rollback
サンドボックスのコミット     vagrant sandbox commit
サンドボックスから出る       vagrant sandbox off

commit, rollback しても、サンドボックスモードは続く
--

Vagrant.configure(2) do |config|
  config.vm.box="centos/7"
  config.vm.network :private_network, ip:"192.168.33.10"
  config.vm.provision :shell, :inline => <<-EOT
    yum update -y
    service iptables stop
    chkconfig iptables off

    yum -y install httpd
    chkconfig httpd on
    service httpd start
  EOT

  config.vm.provider :virtualbox do |vb|
    vb.gui = true
  end
end

provisioning は、初回の vagrant up の後のみ
--
一つの Vagrantfile で複数の仮想マシンを立ち上げることができる

Vagrant.configure(2) do |config|
  config.vm.box="centos/7"

  config.vm.define :web do |web|
    web.vm.hostname = "web"
    web.vm.network :private_network, ip:"192.168.33.11"
  end

  config.vm.define :db do |web|
    db.vm.hostname = "db"
    db.vm.network :private_network, ip:"192.168.33.12"
  end
end
--
box を作る

vagrant package
vagrant box add NAME URL       URL には、HTTP の他、 vagrant package で作った box ファイルも指定可能
vagrant box list
vagrant box remove
vagrant box repackage $NAME $PRIVIDER    vagrant が内部で管理している box をファイルに書きだす

vagrant plugin install $NAME
vagrant plugin license $NAME $LICENSE-FILE
vagrant plugin list
vagrant plugin uninstall $NAME
vagrant plugin update $NAME

uninsatll 出来なかったら ~/.vagrant.d/plugins.json をいじる

----
ログレベル

export VAGRANT_LOG=${debug|info|warn|error}

Ansible